With the intensification of polar scientific research,the demand for energy is increasing rapidly,and the environmental pollution and carbon emissions caused by polar energy consumption dominated by fuel cannot be underestimated. It is urgent to build a microgrid system based on clean and renewable energy to ensure the green and sustainable development of polar scientific research. Based on the analysis of the resource characteristics of the Antarctic research station,the wind-solar microgrid structure is selected and the system capacity optimization configuration model is established in this paper. The polar environment is complex and diverse,which has a significant impact on the energy storage system. In order to ensure the future operation of the microgrid with better adaptability,the influence of energy storage capacity attenuation on the economic benefits of the microgrid system is considered in detail in the configuration stage,and the influence of temperature,charge-discharge rate and cycle times on the battery capacity is analyzed. A multi-factor coupling battery capacity attenuation model based on adaptive grey relational analysis is established,and it is incorporated into the optimal configuration model. An example of Antarctic scientific research station is solved and analyzed by using improved particle swarm optimization. The simulation results show that the microgrid configuration scheme considering energy storage capacity attenuation can reduce the probability of battery overcharge and overdischarge,extend the service life of the battery,and is more suitable for polar regions.