考虑快慢充负荷特性的电动汽车调峰定价策略
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TM73

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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52107099);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2021M690810,2022T150152)


Peak load regulation pricing strategy of electric vehicle considering fast and slow charging characteristics
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    摘要:

    随着分布式光伏大规模发电的广泛应用,净负荷“鸭型”曲线特征明显,电动汽车白天充电无法充分利用新能源,夜间充电使原有负荷峰值叠加。为避免净负荷“峰上加峰”现象,文中以减小净负荷峰谷差为目标,实现充电负荷转移。首先,基于快慢充行为特征的统计数据,采用蒙特卡洛法模拟用户充电行为,实现未来充电负荷分布的预测,并根据慢充的入网特性以及快充的延迟充电特性建立快慢充负荷约束。然后,基于梯度下降法对负荷转移率进行计算,并引入用户消费心理学构建充电负荷价格响应模型。最后,对电网调峰的经济性进行分析以限定电价变动约束,以净负荷峰谷差最小为目标构建充电引导模型,并利用深度强化学习对其求解。仿真结果表明,所建模型和求解策略能有效引导充电负荷避开净负荷的峰期,并确定合理电价,减小电网的峰谷差。

    Abstract:

    With the widespread use of distributed photovoltaic large-scale power generation,the net load 'duck' curve has become more apparent. However,electric vehicle charging during the day is unable to fully utilize the new energy,and charging at night only adds to the already existing load peak. To address the issue of net load 'peak-to-peak' exacerbation,the charging load transfer process is facililated with the objective of minimizing the peak-valley difference of net load. To achieve this,statistical data on fast and slow charging behaviors are used to predict future charging load distribution through Monte Carlo simulations. Fast and slow charging load constraints are then established based on the network access characteristics of slow charging and the delayed charging characteristics of fast charging. Then,the load transfer rate is calculated using the gradient descent method,and the charging load price response model is constructed based on user consumption psychology. Finally,economic analysis of power grid peak shaving limits the constraint of electricity price change,and a charging guidance model is constructed with the goal of minimizing the peak-valley difference of net load. Deep reinforcement learning is used to solve the model and solution strategy. The simulation results show that the proposed model and solution strategy can effectively guide the charging load to avoid the peak period of the net load,determine a reasonable price,and reduce the peak-valley difference of the power grid.

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王庆园,崔莉,王明深,葛乐.考虑快慢充负荷特性的电动汽车调峰定价策略[J].电力工程技术,2023,42(4):31-40

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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-06
  • 最后修改日期:2023-04-12
  • 录用日期:2023-04-13
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-07-20
  • 出版日期: 2023-07-28
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